| Injury | Definition | Mechanism | Common sites | Sports |
| Injuries to growth plates | A growth plate is an area in developing tissue at the ends of the long bones where growth takes place in children and adolescents. | Acute injury due to impact | Any long bone in the body | Sports in which high impact is possible for example contact sports . |
| Apophysitis (inflammation of the apophysis) | Apophysis is a part of the skeleton that constitutes the attachments of tendons, ligaments or muscles. | Overuse injury | Knee cap tendon that attaches to the lower leg bone (tibia) – Osgood-Schlatter’s disease
Achilles tendon that attaches to the heel (calcaneus) – sever’s disease |
Sports that require a great deal of jumping and bending of the knees such as soccer, long jump, and high jump |
| Greenstick fracture or break | A greenstick fracture is an incomplete break in a bone. The name is derived from the similarity of such fractures to the break in a green twig taken from a tree. | Acute injury | Any long bone in the body e.g. radius and ulna which are the bones of the forearm | |
| Osteochondrosis (articular cartilage and bone that has been damaged breaks away and can become free, moving inside the joint) | Articular cartilage is found at the end of bones in joints and allows smooth movement. | Unknown | Hip (head of long bone of the upper leg) – Perthes’ disease | Not applicable |
References
1. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2009). Clinical sports medicine (3rd ed.). Sydney: McGraw-Hill.
2. Peterson, L. and Renström, P. (2001). Sports injuries: Their prevention and treatment (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
3. Prentice, W.E. (2010). Essentials of athletic injury management (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
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